Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Spin Out shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Spin Out offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Spin Out at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Spin Out? Wrong! If the Spin Out is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Spin Out then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Spin Out? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Spin Out and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Spin Out wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Spin Out then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Spin Out site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Spin Out, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Spin Out, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Spin out refers to a type of spin off where a company "splits off" sections of itself as a separate business.
The common definition of spin out is when a division of a company or organization becomes an independent business. The "spin out" company takes assets,
intellectual property,
technology, and/or existing products from the
parent organization.
Many times the
management team of the new company are from the same parent organization. Often, a spin-out offers the opportunity for a division to be backed by the company but not be affected by the parent company's image or history, giving potential to grow existing ideas that had been wiktionary:languish in an old environment and help them grow in a new environment.
In most cases, the parent company or organization offers support doing one or more of the following:
- investing Ownership equity in the new firm,
- being the first customer of the spin-out (helps to create cash flow),
- providing incubation space (desk, chairs, phones, internet access, etc.) or
- providing services such as legal, finance, technology, etc.
All the support from the parent company is provided with the explicit purpose of helping the spin-out grow.
U.S. SEC definition
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission definition of "spin out" is more precise. Spin-outs occur when the equity owners of the parent company receive equity stakes in the newly spun out company. For example, when Agilent Technologies was spun out of
Hewlett-Packard in 1999, the stock holders of HP received stock in Agilent.
A company "spun out" in the common view but not considered a spin-out in the SEC's eyes would be considered by the SEC as a technology transfer or licensing of the technology to the new company.
Other definitions
A second definition of a spin-out is a firm formed when an employee or group of employees leaves an existing entity to form an independent start-up firm. The parent entity can be a firm, a university, or another organization. Spin-outs typically operate at arms length from their parent organizations and have independent sources of financing, products, services, customers, and so on. In some cases, the spin-out may license technology from the parent or supply the parent with products or services.
A spin-out is distinct from a spin-off, which is created when a firm creates a new firm out of one of its existing divisions, subsidiaries, or subunits. In the case of a spin-off, the new firm is created as a deliberate act of the parent, and the owners of the parent are the original owners of the new firm (although these owners can normally sell their ownership stakes at market rates soon after the new entity is formed, especially if the spin-off is publicly traded). However, much of the academic and popular literature in business, economics, finance, and management uses the term “spin-off” when “spin-out” is the correct description of the entity being described.
Spin-outs are important sources of technological diffusion in high technology industries.
Franco and Filson (1999), “Spin-outs: Knowledge Diffusion through Employee Mobility” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis working paper, forthcoming in
RAND Journal of Economics examine spin-outs as a source of technological diffusion in rapidly-evolving high technology industries. Their analysis suggests that, other things equal, research-oriented employees accept lower wages at firms with better technological know-how in exchange for the implicit opportunity to learn about their employer’s technology and capabilities. Employees who successfully learn can leave their employer and start their own firms using some of their former employer’s know-how. As this opportunity has high future value, employees are willing to accept lower wages today in return for the chance to “spin out” tomorrow.
Franco and Filson’s analysis suggests that spin-outs play critical roles in the evolution of the industry. More technologically advanced firms are more likely to survive and more likely to generate spin-outs, and spin-outs that emerge from more advanced firms are more likely to survive, as long as the spin-outs succeed in learning their parent’s know-how. The fact that spin-outs are important in the evolution of high technology industries during the initial take-off stage challenges the previous conventional wisdom that progress and entry early on in the evolution of an industry is driven by forces outside the industry itself.
Spin-out example
Some examples of spin-outs in SEC eyes:
- Guidant was spun out of Eli Lilly and Company in 1994, formed from Lilly's Medical Devices and Diagnostics Division.
- Agilent Technologies spun out of Hewlett-Packard in 1999, formed from HP's former test-and-measurement equipment division.
Example of companies created by technology transfer or licencing, a "spin-out" in the common point of view:
- Oxford NanoLabs and Oxford RF Sensors, were set up to commercialise technology based on University of Oxford research, and have been "spun out" by Isis Innovation, the technology transfer arm of the University.
Examples following the second definition of spin-out:
Notes
See also
External links
- Isis Innovation at University of Oxford
- Calendar of listed spinoffs worldwide
- Library House: UK University Spin-out Companies
- PhD theses on corporate spin-offs
Spin out refers to a type of spin off where a company "splits off" sections of itself as a separate business.
The common definition of spin out is when a division of a company or organization becomes an independent business. The "spin out" company takes assets,
intellectual property,
technology, and/or existing products from the
parent organization.
Many times the management team of the new company are from the same parent organization. Often, a spin-out offers the opportunity for a division to be backed by the company but not be affected by the parent company's image or history, giving potential to grow existing ideas that had been
wiktionary:languish in an old environment and help them grow in a new environment.
In most cases, the parent company or organization offers support doing one or more of the following:
- investing Ownership equity in the new firm,
- being the first customer of the spin-out (helps to create cash flow),
- providing incubation space (desk, chairs, phones, internet access, etc.) or
- providing services such as legal, finance, technology, etc.
All the support from the parent company is provided with the explicit purpose of helping the spin-out grow.
U.S. SEC definition
The
United States Securities and Exchange Commission definition of "spin out" is more precise. Spin-outs occur when the equity owners of the parent company receive equity stakes in the newly spun out company. For example, when Agilent Technologies was spun out of
Hewlett-Packard in 1999, the stock holders of HP received stock in Agilent.
A company "spun out" in the common view but not considered a spin-out in the SEC's eyes would be considered by the SEC as a technology transfer or licensing of the technology to the new company.
Other definitions
A second definition of a spin-out is a firm formed when an employee or group of employees leaves an existing entity to form an independent start-up firm. The parent entity can be a firm, a university, or another organization. Spin-outs typically operate at arms length from their parent organizations and have independent sources of financing, products, services, customers, and so on. In some cases, the spin-out may license technology from the parent or supply the parent with products or services.
A spin-out is distinct from a spin-off, which is created when a firm creates a new firm out of one of its existing divisions, subsidiaries, or subunits. In the case of a spin-off, the new firm is created as a deliberate act of the parent, and the owners of the parent are the original owners of the new firm (although these owners can normally sell their ownership stakes at market rates soon after the new entity is formed, especially if the spin-off is publicly traded). However, much of the academic and popular literature in business, economics, finance, and management uses the term “spin-off” when “spin-out” is the correct description of the entity being described.
Spin-outs are important sources of technological diffusion in high technology industries.
Franco and Filson (1999), “Spin-outs: Knowledge Diffusion through Employee Mobility” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis working paper, forthcoming in
RAND Journal of Economics examine spin-outs as a source of technological diffusion in rapidly-evolving high technology industries. Their analysis suggests that, other things equal, research-oriented employees accept lower wages at firms with better technological know-how in exchange for the implicit opportunity to learn about their employer’s technology and capabilities. Employees who successfully learn can leave their employer and start their own firms using some of their former employer’s know-how. As this opportunity has high future value, employees are willing to accept lower wages today in return for the chance to “spin out” tomorrow.
Franco and Filson’s analysis suggests that spin-outs play critical roles in the evolution of the industry. More technologically advanced firms are more likely to survive and more likely to generate spin-outs, and spin-outs that emerge from more advanced firms are more likely to survive, as long as the spin-outs succeed in learning their parent’s know-how. The fact that spin-outs are important in the evolution of high technology industries during the initial take-off stage challenges the previous conventional wisdom that progress and entry early on in the evolution of an industry is driven by forces outside the industry itself.
Spin-out example
Some examples of spin-outs in SEC eyes:
- Guidant was spun out of Eli Lilly and Company in 1994, formed from Lilly's Medical Devices and Diagnostics Division.
- Agilent Technologies spun out of Hewlett-Packard in 1999, formed from HP's former test-and-measurement equipment division.
Example of companies created by technology transfer or licencing, a "spin-out" in the common point of view:
- Oxford NanoLabs and Oxford RF Sensors, were set up to commercialise technology based on University of Oxford research, and have been "spun out" by Isis Innovation, the technology transfer arm of the University.
Examples following the second definition of spin-out:
- Shugart and Associates was a spin-out of IBM.
- Fairchild Semiconductor was a spin-out of Shockley Transistor. (These founders were the "Traitorous Eight." Intel was a spin-out of Fairchild, as were a large number of firms in the semiconductor industry.)
Notes
See also
External links
- Isis Innovation at University of Oxford
- Calendar of listed spinoffs worldwide
- Library House: UK University Spin-out Companies
- PhD theses on corporate spin-offs
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